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whe_example_nicaragua [2017/03/27 15:56] Catalina Yepes [5. Retrofit Information] |
whe_example_nicaragua [2017/04/07 19:50] Vitor Silva |
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| - | ====== NICARAGUA, HOUSING REPORT====== | + | ====== NICARAGUA ====== |
| ===== Adobe walls supporting rough timber framed roof with corrugated iron sheeting ===== | ===== Adobe walls supporting rough timber framed roof with corrugated iron sheeting ===== | ||
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| | Other | | | | | Other | | | | ||
| + | ---- | ||
| === Design Process === | === Design Process === | ||
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| **Expertise of those involved in the design:** | **Expertise of those involved in the design:** | ||
| + | ---- | ||
| === Construction Process === | === Construction Process === | ||
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| **Construction issues** | **Construction issues** | ||
| + | ---- | ||
| === Building Codes and Standards=== | === Building Codes and Standards=== | ||
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| **Additional comments on maintenance and building condition** | **Additional comments on maintenance and building condition** | ||
| + | ---- | ||
| === Construction Economics === | === Construction Economics === | ||
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| ---- | ---- | ||
| - | ==== 4. Earthquakes ==== | + | ==== 5. Earthquakes ==== |
| === Past Earthquakes in the country which affected buildings of this type=== | === Past Earthquakes in the country which affected buildings of this type=== | ||
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| | 2005 | 11.198N | 6.6 | 6 (MMI) | | | 2005 | 11.198N | 6.6 | 6 (MMI) | | ||
| + | ---- | ||
| === Past Earthquakes === | === Past Earthquakes === | ||
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| **Additional comments on earthquake damage patterns:** | **Additional comments on earthquake damage patterns:** | ||
| + | ---- | ||
| === Structural and Architectural Features for Seismic Resistance === | === Structural and Architectural Features for Seismic Resistance === | ||
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| | Maintenance | Buildings of this type are generally well maintained and there are no visible signs of deterioration of building elements (concrete, steel, timber). | FALSE | | | Maintenance | Buildings of this type are generally well maintained and there are no visible signs of deterioration of building elements (concrete, steel, timber). | FALSE | | ||
| + | ---- | ||
| === Additional comments on structural and architectural features for seismic resistance === | === Additional comments on structural and architectural features for seismic resistance === | ||
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| **Earthquake-resilient features in foundation:** | **Earthquake-resilient features in foundation:** | ||
| + | ---- | ||
| === Seismic Vulnerability Rating === | === Seismic Vulnerability Rating === | ||
| - | For information about how seismic vulnerability ratings were selected see the [[ | Seismic Vulnerability Guidelines]] | + | For information about how seismic vulnerability ratings were selected see the {{ :wiki:seismic_vulnerability_rating.docx | Seismic Vulnerability Guidelines}} |
| | ^ High vulnerabilty ^^ Medium vulnerability ^^ Low vulnerability ^^ | | ^ High vulnerabilty ^^ Medium vulnerability ^^ Low vulnerability ^^ | ||
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| ---- | ---- | ||
| - | ==== 5. Retrofit Information ==== | + | ==== 6. Retrofit Information ==== |
| === Description of Seismic Strengthening Provisions === | === Description of Seismic Strengthening Provisions === | ||
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| | Walls | 1. Bamboo: Several researchers have been involved with using internal horizontal and vertical bamboo, in a fashion similar to reinforced concrete masonry walls. 2. Timber ring beam: This helps to hold the walls together and facilitate transfer of loads from the roof to the walls. 3. 'Improved Adobe' has long been promoted to make adobe buildings more robust under seismic activity. The 'system' does not utilise another material, but focuses on the design and planning of adobe buildings by limiting opening sizes, plan dimensions, wall lengths and heights, and roof weight | | | Walls | 1. Bamboo: Several researchers have been involved with using internal horizontal and vertical bamboo, in a fashion similar to reinforced concrete masonry walls. 2. Timber ring beam: This helps to hold the walls together and facilitate transfer of loads from the roof to the walls. 3. 'Improved Adobe' has long been promoted to make adobe buildings more robust under seismic activity. The 'system' does not utilise another material, but focuses on the design and planning of adobe buildings by limiting opening sizes, plan dimensions, wall lengths and heights, and roof weight | | ||
| | Roof | Adequate connections to a top timber or concrete ring beam and stronger connections in the framing itself will help the roof act as a diaphragm. Galvanized sheet metal is now common and helps reduces high loads. For thermal and aesthetic reasons, how ever, clay tile continues to be used. | | | Roof | Adequate connections to a top timber or concrete ring beam and stronger connections in the framing itself will help the roof act as a diaphragm. Galvanized sheet metal is now common and helps reduces high loads. For thermal and aesthetic reasons, how ever, clay tile continues to be used. | | ||
| + | ---- | ||
| **Additional comments on seismic strengthening provisions:** The bamboo strengthening scheme is not used in Nicaragua, but is presented here as an option for making Nicaragua buildings safer. | **Additional comments on seismic strengthening provisions:** The bamboo strengthening scheme is not used in Nicaragua, but is presented here as an option for making Nicaragua buildings safer. | ||
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| + | ==== 7. References ==== | ||
| + | |||
| + | Guidelines for earthquake resistant non-engineered construction IAEE National Information Center of Earthquake Engineering, IIT Kanpur, India 2004 | ||
| + | ---- | ||
| + | An improved means of reinforcing adobe walls- external vertical reinforcement Dowling,D. & Samali,B. & Jianchun,L. Sismo Adobe, Lima, Peru 2005 | ||
| + | ---- | ||
| + | Adobe and rammed earth buildings: design and construction McHenry,P. John Wiley and Sons, Canada 1984 | ||
| + | ---- | ||
| + | Building with earth: a handbook Norton,J. Intermediate Technology Group, Warwickshire, UK 1986 | ||
| + | ---- | ||
| + | Earthquake database search, [[http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov]] National Geophysical Data Centre, Date accessed: 15/3/2006 | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Authors === | ||
| + | ^ Name ^ Title ^ Affiliation ^ Location ^ Email ^ | ||
| + | | Matthew A. French | | Architecture, Victoria University of Wellington | 15 Landcross Street, Wellington 4001, NEW ZEALAND | emailformatthew @hotmail.com | | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Reviewers === | ||
| + | ^ Name ^ Title ^ Affiliation ^ Location ^ Email ^ | ||
| + | | Andrew W. Charleson | Associate Professor | School of Architecture, Victoria University of Wellington | Wellington 6001, NEW ZEALAND | andrew.charleson@vuw.ac.nz | | ||